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When IV ketamine is administered too rapidly, it can lead to respiratory depression and apnea. Ketamine is a dissociative anesthetic that affects the central nervous system, and a rapid infusion may overwhelm the body's ability to maintain normal respiratory function. This can result in decreased respiratory drive or even a complete cessation of breathing, known as apnea.

The risk of respiratory depression increases because of ketamine's potent effects on brain activity, particularly in the areas that regulate breathing. Careful administration is crucial to avoid adverse respiratory effects, highlighting the importance of following protocols that suggest appropriate dosing and administration rates.

Other potential effects of ketamine, such as elevated heart rate, heightened alertness, or allergic reactions, may occur but they are typically not the primary concern associated with a rapid administration of the drug. Ensuring that ketamine is given at a controlled pace is essential for maintaining respiratory stability and overall patient safety.